Commercial Act

상법

Act · 법무부 · English text effective 2018-12-19 · Korean current 2026-09-10

Articles

• PART I GENERAL PROVISIONS
• CHAPTER I COMMON PROVISIONS
• Article 1 Applicable Rules to Commercial Matters
• Article 2 Commercial Activities of Public Corporations
• Article 3 Unilateral Commercial Activities
• CHAPTER II MERCHANTS
• Article 4 Merchant-by Nature of Business
• Article 5 Merchant-by Legal Construction
• Article 6 Business of Minors and Registration thereof
• Article 7 Minors and General Partners
• Article 8 Representation of Business by Legal Representatives
• Article 9 Petty Merchants
• CHAPTER III COMMERCIAL EMPLOYEES
• Article 10 Appointment of Managers
• Article 11 Rights of Representation by Managers
• Article 12 Co-managers
• Article 13 Registration of Managers
• Article 14 Apparent Managers
• Article 15 Employee with Partial Comprehensive Agency Authority
• Article 16 Employees of Stores Selling Goods
• Article 17 Obligations of Commercial Employees
• CHAPTER IV TRADE NAMES
• Article 18 Free Choice of Trade Name
• Article 19 Trade Name of Company
• Article 20 Prohibition of Illegal Use of Trade Name of Company
• Article 21 Unitary Trade Name
• Article 22 Legal Effects of Registration of Trade Name
• Article 22-2 Provisional Registration of Trade Name
• Article 23 Prohibition of Use of Trade Names Causing Misconception on Ownership of Business
• Article 24 Liability of Persons who have Lent their Names
• Article 25 Transfer of Trade Name
• Article 26 Legal Effects of Non-Use of Trade Name
• Article 27 Requests for Cancellation of Registration of Trade Name
• Article 28 Penalties for Illegal Use of Trade Name
• CHAPTER V TRADE BOOKS
• Article 29 Types of, and Principles for Preparation of, Trade Books
• Article 30 Methods of Preparing Trade Books
• Article 31 null
• Article 32 Submission of Trade Books
• Article 33 Preservation of Trade Books, etc.
• CHAPTER VI COMMERCIAL REGISTRATION
• Article 34 General Rules
• Article 34-2 null
• Article 35 Registration in Localities of Branch Offices
• Article 36 null
• Article 37 Effects of Registration
• Article 38 Legal Effects of Registration in Localities of Branch Offices
• Article 39 False Registration
• Article 40 Registration of Changes or Extinguishment
• CHAPTER VII TRANSFER OF BUSINESS
• Article 41 Prohibition of Competition by Transferor of Business
• Article 42 Liability of Business Transferee who Continues to Use Trade Name
• Article 43 Repayment to Business Transferee
• Article 44 Liability of Business Transferee who has Made Public His/Her Assumption of Obligations
• Article 45 Duration of Liability of Business Transferor
• PART II COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES
• CHAPTER I COMMON PROVISIONS
• Article 46 Basic Commercial Activities
• Article 47 Appendage Commercial Activities
• Article 48 Methods of Agency
• Article 49 Entrustment
• Article 50 Continuation of Agency Rights
• Article 51 Binding Effect of Offer of Contract Inter Presentes
• Article 52 null
• Article 53 Duty of Notification of Acceptance or Rejection of Offer
• Article 54 Statutory Interest Rate in Commercial Activities
• Article 55 Claim for Statutory Interest
• Article 56 Places of Performance of Obligations Arising out of Transactions at Branch Offices
• Article 57 Joint and Several Obligations among Multiple Obligors, or between Obligor and Guarantor
• Article 58 Mercantile Liens
• Article 59 Permission of Foreclosure Agreement
• Article 60 Duty to Keep Goods
• Article 61 Merchant's Right to Demand Remuneration
• Article 62 Responsibility of Merchants who Accepted Deposit of Goods
• Article 63 Transaction Hours and Performance of Obligation or Demand therefor
• Article 64 Statute of Limitations for Commercial Claims
• Article 65 Securities and Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 66 Quasi Commercial Activities
• CHAPTER II SALE
• Article 67 Rights of Sellers for Deposit and Auction of Subject Matters
• Article 68 Rescission of Contract for Sale at Fixed Time
• Article 69 Buyers' Duties to Inspect Subject Matters and to Notify Defects
• Article 70 Buyers' Duties to Keep or Deposit Subject Matters
• Article 71 Idem-Cases such as Excess Quantity
• CHAPTER III ACCOUNT CURRENT
• Article 72 Definition
• Article 73 Special Provisions concerning Claims and Obligations Represented by Commercial Papers
• Article 74 Period of Account Current
• Article 75 Approval of and Objections to Statement of Account
• Article 76 Statutory Interest on Credit Balance
• Article 77 Termination
• CHAPTER IV UNDISCLOSED ASSOCIATION
• Article 78 Definition
• Article 79 Investments by Association Members
• Article 80 External Relations of Association Members
• Article 81 Liability Based on Consent to Use Association Member Name or Trade Name
• Article 82 Dividend of Profits and Bearing Losses
• Article 83 Termination of Contracts
• Article 84 Natural Reasons for Contract Termination
• Article 85 Legal Effects of Termination of Contracts
• Article 86 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• CHAPTER IV-2 LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
• Article 86-2 Definition
• Article 86-3 Partnership Agreements
• Article 86-4 Registration
• Article 86-5 General Partners
• Article 86-6 Liability of Limited Partners
• Article 86-7 Transfer of Partner's Share
• Article 86-8 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 86-9 Administrative Fines
• CHAPTER V COMMERCIAL AGENTS
• Article 87 Definition
• Article 88 Duty of Notification
• Article 89 Prohibition of Competition
• Article 90 Authority to Receive Notice
• Article 91 Lien of Commercial Agents
• Article 92 Termination of Contracts
• Article 92-2 Commercial Agents' Right to Request Compensation
• Article 92-3 Duty of Commercial Agents to Keep Trade Secrets
• CHAPTER VI BROKERAGE
• Article 93 Definition
• Article 94 Brokers' Authority to Receive Payment on behalf of Parties
• Article 95 Duty to Retain Samples
• Article 96 Duty to Deliver Contract Documents
• Article 97 Duty to Maintain Books
• Article 98 Duty to Remain Silent about Name or Trade Name
• Article 99 Brokers’ Obligations
• Article 100 Right to Demand Remuneration
• CHAPTER VII COMMISSION AGENCY
• Article 101 Definition
• Article 102 Status of Commission Agents
• Article 103 Ownership of Goods Consigned
• Article 104 Duty to Notify Sale or Purchase and to Submit Statement of Account
• Article 105 Liability of Commission Agents to Secure Performance
• Article 106 Duty to Observe Designated Price
• Article 107 Commission Agents' Right of Intervention
• Article 108 Effects of Damage or Defects, etc. in Consigned Goods
• Article 109 Right to Place Goods in Public Depository or on Auction
• Article 110 Cases Where Consignor of Purchase is Merchant
• Article 111 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 112 Application of Provisions concerning Mandate
• Article 113 Quasi-Commission Agents
• CHAPTER VIII FORWARDING AGENT BUSINESS
• Article 114 Definition
• Article 115 Liability for Damages
• Article 116 Right of Intervention
• Article 117 Subrogation of Interceding Forwarding Agents
• Article 118 Acquisition of Carriers' Rights
• Article 119 Right to Demand Remuneration
• Article 120 Liens
• Article 121 Statute of Limitations for Liability of Forwarding Agents
• Article 122 Statute of Limitations for Claims of Forwarding Agents
• Article 123 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 124 Idem
• CHAPTER IX CARRIAGE BUSINESS
• Article 125 Definition
• SECTION 1 Carriage of Goods
• Article 126 Waybills
• Article 127 Liability for False Entries in Waybills
• Article 128 Delivery of Bills of Lading
• Article 129 Exchangeability of Bills of Lading
• Article 130 Bills of Lading as Instrument to Order
• Article 131 Legal Effects of Entries in Bills of Lading
• Article 132 Bill of Lading-Disposition of Goods
• Article 133 Bill of Lading-Property Rights' Legal Effects
• Article 134 Loss of Goods and Freight Charges
• Article 135 Liability for Damages
• Article 136 Liability for Valuables
• Article 137 Amount of Damages
• Article 138 Joint and Several Liability and Right of Recourse of Successive Carriers
• Article 139 Right to Demand Disposition of Goods
• Article 140 Status of Consignees
• Article 141 Duty of Consignees
• Article 142 Right to Deposit or to Refer to Auction in Cases where Consignee is Unknown
• Article 143 In Cases of Refusal to Receive Goods or where Receipt is Impossible
• Article 144 Public Notification
• Article 145 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 146 Statute of Limitations for Carriers' Liability
• Article 147 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 2 Carriage of Passengers
• Article 148 Liability for Damages to Passengers
• Article 149 Liability for Luggage Delivered to Carriers
• Article 150 Liability for Luggage not Delivered to Carriers
• CHAPTER X HOSPITALITY BUSINESS
• Article 151 Definition
• Article 152 Liability of Hospitality Service Providers
• Article 153 Liability for Valuables
• Article 154 Statute of Limitations for Liability of Hospitality Service Providers
• CHAPTER XI WAREHOUSING
• Article 155 Definition
• Article 156 Issuance of Warehouse Receipts
• Article 157 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 158 Demand for Warehouse Receipt concerning Portion of Goods Divided
• Article 159 Pledges by Warehouse Receipt and Removing Portion of Goods from Warehouse
• Article 160 Liability for Damage
• Article 161 Right of Inspection of Deposited Goods, Taking Samples and Disposition for Preservation
• Article 162 Right to Demand Storage Charges for Storage
• Article 163 Storage Periods
• Article 164 Storage Period-Unavoidable Circumstances
• Article 165 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 166 Statute of Limitations for Liability of Warehouse Business Entities
• Article 167 Statute of Limitations for Claims of Warehouse Business Entities
• Article 168 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• CHAPTER XII FINANCIAL LEASE BUSINESS
• Article 168-2 Definition
• Article 168-3 Duties of Financial Lease Business Entities and Financial Lessees
• Article 168-4 Duties of Suppliers
• Article 168-5 Cancellation of Financial Lease Agreements
• CHAPTER XIII FRANCHISE BUSINESS
• Article 168-6 Definition
• Article 168-7 Duties of Franchisors
• Article 168-8 Duties of Franchisees
• Article 168-9 Transfer of Business by Franchisees
• Article 168-10 Cancellation of Agreements
• CHAPTER XIV BONDS PURCHASING BUSINESS
• Article 168-11 Definition
• Article 168-12 Claims for Redemption by Bonds Purchasing Business Entities
• PART III COMPANY
• CHAPTER I COMMON PROVISIONS
• Article 169 Definition of Company
• Article 170 Types of Companies
• Article 171 Address of Company
• Article 172 Incorporation of Company
• Article 173 Restrictions on Legal Capacity
• Article 174 Merger of Companies
• Article 175 Idem-Incorporation Member
• Article 176 Dissolution Order against Company
• Article 177 Starting Point of Calculation of Registration Period
• CHAPTER II PARTNERSHIP COMPANY
• SECTION 1 Incorporation
• Article 178 Drawing up of Articles of Incorporation
• Article 179 Matters Absolutely Required to be Entered in Articles of Incorporation
• Article 180 Registration for Incorporation
• Article 181 Registration for Establishment of Branch Offices
• Article 182 Registration of Transfer of Principal Office and Branch Offices
• Article 183 Registration of Changes
• Article 183-2 Registration of Temporary Disposition, etc. for Suspension of Business Management
• Article 184 Lawsuits for Nullification or Revocation of Incorporation
• Article 185 Lawsuits for Revocation of Incorporation by Creditors
• Article 186 Exclusive Jurisdiction
• Article 187 Public Notice of Filing of Lawsuits
• Article 188 Combined Hearings of Lawsuits
• Article 189 Correction of Defects and Dismissal of Lawsuits
• Article 190 Legal Effects of Judgments
• Article 191 Liability for Losing Plaintiffs
• Article 192 Registration of Nullification or Revocation of Incorporation
• Article 193 Effects of Judgment Confirming Nullification or Revocation of Incorporation
• Article 194 Nullification or Revocation of Incorporation and Continuation of Company
• SECTION 2 Internal Relationship of Company
• Article 195 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 196 Investment Contributions via Credits
• Article 197 Transfer of Equity Interest
• Article 198 Prohibition of Competition by Members
• Article 199 Self-Transactions of Members
• Article 200 Rights and Obligations of Business Management
• Article 200-2 Authority of Representatives
• Article 201 Managing Members
• Article 202 Joint Managing Members
• Article 203 Appointment and Dismissal of Managers
• Article 204 Amendment of Articles of Incorporation
• Article 205 Adjudication on Forfeiture of Power against Managing Members
• Article 206 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 3 External Relationship of Company
• Article 207 Representative of Company
• Article 208 Joint Representatives
• Article 209 Authority of Representative Members
• Article 210 Liability for Damage
• Article 211 Representatives in Lawsuits between Company and Members
• Article 212 Liability of Members
• Article 213 Liability of New Members
• Article 214 Defenses of Members
• Article 215 Liability of Members by Estoppel
• Article 216 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 4 Withdrawal of Members
• Article 217 Members' Right to Withdraw from Company
• Article 218 Reasons for Withdrawal of Members
• Article 219 Notice of Succession to Rights at Death of Members
• Article 220 Adjudication on Expulsion
• Article 221 Settlement of Accounts between Expelled Members and Company
• Article 222 Refund of Equity Interest
• Article 223 Seizure on Equity Interest
• Article 224 Requests for Withdrawal of Members by Creditors who Seized Members' Equity Interest
• Article 225 Liability of Withdrawn Members
• Article 226 Withdrawn Members' Right to Demand Change in Corporate Name
• SECTION 5 Dissolution of Company
• Article 227 Reasons for Dissolution
• Article 228 Registration of Dissolution
• Article 229 Continuation of Company
• Article 230 Resolution for Merger
• Article 231 null
• Article 232 Objections by Creditors
• Article 233 Registration of Merger
• Article 234 Effectuation of Merger
• Article 235 Legal Effects of Merger
• Article 236 Filing of Lawsuit for Nullification of Merger
• Article 237 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 238 Registration of Nullification of Merger
• Article 239 Final Judgment of Nullification and Attribution of Rights and Obligations of Companies
• Article 240 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 241 Requests for Dissolution by Members
• Article 242 Organizational Change
• Article 243 Registration of Organizational Change
• Article 244 Liability of Persons who Have Become Limited Partners as a result of Organizational Change
• SECTION 6 Liquidation
• Article 245 Companies in Process of Liquidation
• Article 246 In Cases where Several Successors of Equity Interest Exist
• Article 247 Voluntary Liquidation
• Article 248 Voluntary Liquidation and Protection of Creditors
• Article 249 Protection of Creditors who have Seized Equity Interest
• Article 250 Statutory Liquidation
• Article 251 Liquidators
• Article 252 Liquidators Appointed by Court
• Article 253 Registration of Liquidators
• Article 254 Duties and Powers of Liquidators
• Article 255 Representation of Company by Liquidators
• Article 256 Duties of Liquidators
• Article 257 Transfer of Business
• Article 258 Incapacity to Fully Repay Obligations and Requests for Investment
• Article 259 Repayment of Obligations
• Article 260 Distribution of Residual Property
• Article 261 Removal of Liquidators
• Article 262 Idem
• Article 263 Completion of Duties of Liquidators
• Article 264 Registration of Completion of Liquidation
• Article 265 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 266 Preservation of Books and Documents
• Article 267 Statute of Limitations for Members' Liability
• CHAPTER III LIMITED PARTNERSHIP COMPANY
• Article 268 Organization of Company
• Article 269 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 270 Matters Absolutely Required to be Entered in Articles of Incorporation
• Article 271 Matters Requiring Registration
• Article 272 Investment by Limited Partners
• Article 273 Rights and Obligations of Business Management
• Article 274 Appointment and Dismissal of Managers
• Article 275 Freedom of Competition for Limited Partners
• Article 276 Transfer of Equity Interest of Limited Partners
• Article 277 Right of Inspection of Limited Partners
• Article 278 Prohibition of Management and Representation by Limited Partners
• Article 279 Liability of Limited Partners
• Article 280 Liability in Cases of Capital Investment Reduction
• Article 281 Liability of General Partners by Estoppel
• Article 282 Liability of Members whose Liability Has been Changed
• Article 283 Death of Limited Partners
• Article 284 Commencement of Adult Guardianship against Limited Partners
• Article 285 Dissolution and Continuation of Company
• Article 286 Organizational Change
• Article 287 Liquidators
• CHAPTER III-2 LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
• SECTION 1 Incorporation
• Article 287-2 Preparation of Articles of Incorporation
• Article 287-3 Matters Required to be Entered in Articles of Incorporation
• Article 287-4 Investment upon Incorporation
• Article 287-5 Registration for Incorporation, etc.
• Article 287-6 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 2 Internal Relationship of Limited Liability
• Article 287-7 Liability of Members
• Article 287-8 Transfer of Equity Interest
• Article 287-9 Prohibition of Acquisition by Transfer of Equity Interest by Limited Liability Company
• Article 287-10 Prohibition of Competition by Managers
• Article 287-11 Transactions between Managers and Limited Liability Company
• Article 287-12 Performance of Business Affairs
• Article 287-13 Rights, etc. of Representative of Manager
• Article 287-14 Rights to Inspection of Limited Partners
• Article 287-15 Special Provisions in Cases Where Manager is Corporation
• Article 287-16 Amendment to Articles of Incorporation
• Article 287-17 Adjudication on Forfeiture of Power against Manager, etc.
• Article 287-18 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 3 External Relationship of Limited Liability Company
• Article 287-19 Representation of Limited Liability Company
• Article 287-20 Liability for Damages
• Article 287-21 Lawsuits between Limited Liability Company and Members
• Article 287-22 Representative Lawsuits by Members
• SECTION 4 Admission and Withdrawal of Members
• Article 287-23 Admission of Members
• Article 287-24 Members' Right to Withdraw from Company
• Article 287-25 Reasons for Withdrawal of Members
• Article 287-26 Notice of Succession to Rights upon Death of Member
• Article 287-27 Adjudication on Expulsion
• Article 287-28 Return of Equity Interest of Withdrawn Members
• Article 287-29 Withdrawal of Members by Creditors who Seized Members' Equity Interest
• Article 287-30 Refund of Equity Interest of Withdrawn Members and Creditors' Interests
• Article 287-31 Withdrawn Members' Right to Demand Change in Corporate Name
• SECTION 5 Accounting, etc.
• Article 287-32 Accounting Principles
• Article 287-33 Preparation and Retainment of Financial Statements
• Article 287-34 Retaining and Disclosure of Financial Statements
• Article 287-35 Capital Amount
• Article 287-36 Reduction of Capital Amount
• Article 287-37 Distribution of Surplus
• SECTION 6 Dissolution
• Article 287-38 Grounds for Dissolution
• Article 287-39 Registration of Dissolution
• Article 287-40 Continuation of Limited Liability Company
• Article 287-41 Mergers of Limited Liability Companies
• Article 287-42 Requests for Dissolution
• SECTION 7 Organizational Changes
• Article 287-43 Organizational Changes
• Article 287-44 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 8 Liquidation
• Article 287-45 Liquidation
• CHAPTER IV STOCK COMPANY
• SECTION 1 Incorporation
• Article 288 Incorporators
• Article 289 Preparation of Articles of Incorporation, Matters Absolutely Required to be Entered in Articles of Incorporation
• Article 290 Particulars of Exceptional Incorporation
• Article 291 Determination of Matters concerning Issuance of Shares at Time of Incorporation
• Article 292 Effectuation of Articles of Incorporation
• Article 293 Subscription to Shares by Incorporator
• Article 294 null
• Article 295 Payment of Subscription Price and Performance of Investment in Kind in Incorporation by Incorporators
• Article 296 Appointment of Executive Officers in Incorporation by Incorporators
• Article 297 Preparation of Minutes by Incorporators
• Article 298 Investigations and Reporting by Directors and Auditors, and Requests for Appointment of Inspectors
• Article 299 Investigation and Reporting by Inspectors
• Article 299-2 Certification of Investments in Kind, etc.
• Article 300 Disposition of Alteration by Court
• Article 301 Invitation to Subscription in Cases of Incorporation by Subscription
• Article 302 Application for Share Subscription and Matters Required to be Entered in Share Subscription Form
• Article 303 Duties of Subscribers
• Article 304 Notice or Peremptory Notice to Subscribers, etc.
• Article 305 Payment of Subscription Price for Shares
• Article 306 Change of Depository, etc. of Payment
• Article 307 Procedures for Forfeiture of Subscriber's Rights
• Article 308 Inaugural General Meetings
• Article 309 Resolutions of Inaugural General Meetings
• Article 310 Inspection in Cases of Exceptional Incorporation
• Article 311 Reporting by Incorporators
• Article 312 Appointment of Executive Officers
• Article 313 Inspection and Reporting by Directors and Auditors
• Article 314 Changes in Matters concerning Exceptional Incorporation
• Article 315 Claims for Damages against Incorporators
• Article 316 Resolutions for Amending Articles of Incorporation and Discontinuing Incorporation
• Article 317 Registration for Incorporation
• Article 318 Certification and Liability by Depository for Subscription Price Paid
• Article 319 Transfer of Potential Shares
• Article 320 Restrictions on Asserting Invalidation or Cancellation of Share Subscription
• Article 321 Liability of Incorporators for Subscription and Security for Payment
• Article 322 Liability of Incorporators for Damages
• Article 323 Joint and Several Liability of Incorporators and Executive Officers
• Article 324 Release of Incorporators from Liability and Representative Suits by Shareholders
• Article 325 Liability of Inspectors for Damages
• Article 326 Liability of Incorporators where Company Fails to Come into Existence
• Article 327 Liability of Promoters
• Article 328 Lawsuit for Invalidation of Incorporation
• SECTION 2 Shares
• Sub-Section 1 Shares and Share Certificates
• Article 329 Formation of Capital
• Article 329-2 Share Split
• Article 330 Restrictions on Issuance of Shares below Par
• Article 331 Liability of Shareholders
• Article 332 Liability of Persons who Subscribed to Shares Using False Name or Another Person's Name
• Article 333 Co-ownership of Shares
• Article 334 null
• Article 335 Transferability of Shares
• Article 335-2 Requests for Approval of Transfers
• Article 335-3 Requests for Designation of Alternative Transferee
• Article 335-4 Requests for Sale by Designated Transferee
• Article 335-5 Determination of Sale Price
• Article 335-6 Request for Purchase by Shareholders
• Article 335-7 Request for Approval by Transferee of Shares
• Article 336 Methods of Transfer of Shares
• Article 337 Requirements to Assert Effect of Transfer of Shares
• Article 338 Pledging of Shares
• Article 339 Subrogation of Pledge
• Article 340 Registered Pledge of Shares
• Article 340-2 Stock Option
• Article 340-3 Granting Stock Option
• Article 340-4 Exercise of Stock Option
• Article 340-5 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 341 Acquisition of Treasury Shares
• Article 341-2 Acquisition of Treasury Shares for Particular Purposes
• Article 341-3 Creation of Pledges on Treasury Shares
• Article 342 Disposal of Treasury Shares
• Article 342-2 Acquisition of Parent Company's Shares by Subsidiary Company
• Article 342-3 Acquisition of Another Company's Shares
• Article 343 Retirement of Shares
• Article 343-2 null
• Article 344 Different Classes of Shares
• Article 344-2 Different Classes of Shares concerning Profit Dividends, Distribution of Surplus Assets
• Article 344-3 Different Classes of Shares concerning Exclusion/Limit of Voting Rights
• Article 345 Different Classes of Shares concerning Redemption of Shares
• Article 346 Different Classes of Shares concerning Conversion of Shares
• Article 347 Procedures for Issuance of Convertible Shares
• Article 348 Issuance Price of Shares to be Issued as a result of Conversion
• Article 349 Request for Conversion
• Article 350 Effectuation of Conversion
• Article 351 Registration of Conversion
• Article 352 Matters to Be Entered in Register of Shareholders
• Article 352-2 Electronic Register of Shareholders
• Article 353 Legal Effects of Register of Shareholders
• Article 354 Closure of Register of Shareholders and Record Date
• Article 355 Timing for Issuing Share Certificates
• Article 356 Matters Required to Be Entered in Share Certificates
• Article 356-2 Electronic Registration of Shares
• Article 357 null
• Article 358 null
• Article 358-2 Non-Possession of Share Certificates
• Article 359 Bona Fide Acquisition of Share Certificates
• Article 360 Judgment of Nullification and Re-issuance of Share Certificates
• Sub-Section 2 All-Inclusive Share Swap
• Article 360-2 Incorporation of Wholly Owning Parent Company by All-inclusive Share Swap
• Article 360-3 Preparation of Contracts for Share Swap and Approval from General Meeting of Shareholders, and Special Rules in Cases Where Consideration for Share Swap is Shares of Parent Company
• Article 360-4 Disclosure of Share Swap Agreements
• Article 360-5 Appraisal Rights of Dissenting Shareholders
• Article 360-6 null
• Article 360-7 Limit of Capital Increase by Wholly Owning Parent Company
• Article 360-8 Procedures for Invalidation of Share Certificates
• Article 360-9 Simplified Share Swaps
• Article 360-10 Small-Scale Share Swaps
• Article 360-11 Mutatis Mutandis Application of Regulations for Fractional Shares, etc.
• Article 360-12 Disclosure of Documents Stating Matters on Share Swap after Share Swap
• Article 360-13 Term of Office of Directors and Auditors of Wholly Owning Parent Companies
• Article 360-14 Lawsuit for Invalidation of Share Swap
• Sub-Section 3 All-Inclusive Transfer of Shares
• Article 360-15 Establishment of Wholly Owning Parent Company Based on All-inclusive Share Transfer
• Article 360-16 Approval for Share Transfer by General Meeting of Shareholders
• Article 360-17 Disclosure of Documents Such as Plans for Share Transfer, etc.
• Article 360-18 Maximum Amount of Equity Capital of Wholly Owning Parent Company
• Article 360-19 Procedures for Invalidation of Share Certificates
• Article 360-20 Registration after Share Transfer
• Article 360-21 Effective Date of Share Transfer
• Article 360-22 Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Share Transfer
• Article 360-23 Lawsuit for Invalidation of Share Transfer
• Sub-Section 4 Controlling Shareholders' Acquisition of All Shares Owned by Minority Shareholders
• Article 360-24 Controlling Shareholders' Rights to Request Sale
• Article 360-25 Appraisal Rights of Minority Shareholders
• Article 360-26 Transfer of Shares, etc.
• SECTION 3 Organs of Company
• Sub-Section 1 General Meeting of Shareholders
• Article 361 Authority of General Meeting of Shareholders
• Article 362 Decision of Convocation
• Article 363 Notice of Convocation
• Article 363-2 Shareholders' Rights to Make Proposals
• Article 364 Place for Convocation
• Article 365 Convocation of General Meetings
• Article 366 Requests for Convocation by Minority Shareholders
• Article 366-2 Maintenance of Order at General Meetings of Shareholders
• Article 367 Appointment of Inspectors
• Article 368 Methods of Adopting Resolutions and Exercise of Voting Rights
• Article 368-2 Exercise of Voting Rights in Disunity
• Article 368-3 Exercise of Voting Rights in Writing
• Article 368-4 Exercise of Voting Rights by Electronic Means
• Article 369 Voting Rights
• Article 370 null
• Article 371 Computation of Quorum and Number of Votes
• Article 372 Resolution to Adjourn or Continue General Meeting of Shareholders
• Article 373 Minutes of General Meeting
• Article 374 Transfer, Takeover or Lease of Business
• Article 374-2 Appraisal Rights of Dissenting Shareholders
• Article 374-3 Simplified Transfer, Acquisition, Lease, etc. of Business
• Article 375 Post-Formation Acquisition
• Article 376 Lawsuit for Revocation of Resolutions
• Article 377 Duty to Provide Security of Shareholder Filing Lawsuit
• Article 378 Registration of Revocation of Resolutions
• Article 379 Court’s Dismissal of Claims at Discretion
• Article 380 Lawsuit Seeking Confirmation of Non-validity or Non-existence of Resolution
• Article 381 Lawsuit Seeking Revocation or Alteration of Improper Resolution
• Sub-Section 2 Directors and Board of Directors
• Article 382 Appointment of Directors, Relationship with Company and Outside Directors
• Article 382-2 Cumulative Voting
• Article 382-3 Duty of Loyalty by Directors
• Article 382-4 Directors’ Duty of Confidentiality
• Article 383 Number, Term of Office
• Article 384 null
• Article 385 Removal
• Article 386 Vacancies
• Article 387 Qualification Shares
• Article 388 Remuneration for Directors
• Article 389 Representative Director
• Article 390 Convocation of Board of Directors' Meetings
• Article 391 Methods of Resolution by Board of Directors
• Article 391-2 Auditor's Power to Attend Board of Directors’ Meeting and State Opinions
• Article 391-3 Minutes of Board of Directors' Meeting
• Article 392 Postponement and Continuation of Board of Directors’ Meeting
• Article 393 Authority of Board of Directors
• Article 393-2 Committees within Board of Directors
• Article 394 Representatives in Lawsuits between Company and Directors
• Article 395 Acts of Apparent Representative Directors and Liability of Company
• Article 396 Obligation to Retain and Disclose Articles of Incorporation, etc.
• Article 397 Prohibition of Competition
• Article 397-2 Prohibition of Appropriation of Company's Opportunities and Assets
• Article 398 Transactions between Directors, etc. and Company
• Article 399 Liability to Company
• Article 400 Release of Liability to Company
• Article 401 Liability to Third Parties
• Article 401-2 Liability of Person who Instructs Another Person to Conduct Business, etc.
• Article 402 Rights to Injunction
• Article 403 Representative Suits by Shareholders
• Article 404 Representative Suits and Intervention, and Notice of Lawsuits
• Article 405 Rights and Obligations of Shareholders Filing Lawsuits
• Article 406 Representative Suits and Lawsuits for Retrial
• Article 407 Suspension of Performance of Duties and Appointment of Acting Directors
• Article 408 Powers of Acting Directors
• Article 408-2 Companies with Executive Directors, Relationships between Executive Directors and Companies
• Article 408-3 Term of Office of Executive Directors
• Article 408-4 Powers of Executive Directors
• Article 408-5 Representative Executive Directors
• Article 408-6 Executive Directors' Reports to Board of Directors
• Article 408-7 Executive Directors' Request for Convening of Meetings of Board of Directors
• Article 408-8 Liability of Executive Directors
• Article 408-9 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Sub-Section 3 Auditors and Audit Committee
• Article 409 Appointment
• Article 409-2 Right to State Opinions in Removal of Auditors
• Article 410 Term of Office
• Article 411 Prohibition of Concurrent Holding of Offices
• Article 412 Auditors' Duties and Power to Demand Reporting and to Inspect
• Article 412-2 Directors' Duty of Reporting
• Article 412-3 Requests for Convening General Meetings
• Article 412-4 Auditors' Request for Convening Board of Directors' Meetings
• Article 412-5 Power to Inspect Subsidiary Company
• Article 413 Duty to Examine and Report
• Article 413-2 Preparation of Audit Records
• Article 414 Liability of Auditors
• Article 415 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 415-2 Audit Committee
• SECTION 4 Issuance of New Shares
• Article 416 Determination of Particulars for Issuance
• Article 417 Issuance of Shares at Price below Par
• Article 418 Terms of Preemptive Rights, Designation and Public Notice of Record Date for Allotment
• Article 419 Peremptory Notice to Holders of Preemptive Rights
• Article 420 Share Subscription Forms
• Article 420-2 Issuance of Certificates of Preemptive Rights
• Article 420-3 Transfer of Preemptive Rights
• Article 420-4 Electronic Registration of Preemptive Rights
• Article 420-5 Applications for Subscription by Certificates of Preemptive Rights
• Article 421 Payment for New Shares
• Article 422 Inspection of Investment in Kind
• Article 423 Date of Becoming Shareholders and Effects of Failing to Make Payment
• Article 424 Rights to Injunction
• Article 424-2 Liability of Persons who have Subscribed to Shares at Unfair Prices
• Article 425 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 426 Registration of Unamortized Amounts
• Article 427 Limitation on Assertion of Nullification or Revocation of Subscriptions
• Article 428 Directors' Liability to Secure Subscription
• Article 429 Lawsuits for Nullification of Issuance of New Shares
• Article 430 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 431 Effects of Judgments Nullifying Issuance of New Shares
• Article 432 Judgments of Nullification and Refunds to Shareholders
• SECTION 5 Amendments to Articles of Incorporation
• Article 433 Method of Amending Articles of Incorporation
• Article 434 Special Resolutions for Amending Articles of Incorporation
• Article 435 General Meeting of Shareholders of Certain Classes of Shares
• Article 436 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 437 null
• SECTION 6 Reduction of Capital
• Article 438 Resolutions for Reduction of Capital
• Article 439 Methods of Reduction of Capital, and Procedures therefor
• Article 440 Procedures for Consolidation of Shares
• Article 441 Idem-Procedures for Consolidation of Shares
• Article 442 Issuance of New Share Certificates
• Article 443 Disposal of Fractional Shares
• Article 444 null
• Article 445 Lawsuits to Nullify Reduction of Capital
• Article 446 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 7 Accounting of Company
• Article 446-2 Accounting Principles
• Article 447 Preparation of Financial Statements
• Article 447-2 Preparation of Business Reports
• Article 447-3 Submission of Financial Statements
• Article 447-4 Audit Reports
• Article 448 Retaining and Disclosure of Financial Statements, etc.
• Article 449 Approval for and Public Notice of Financial Statements, etc.
• Article 449-2 Special Provisions Concerning Approval for Financial Statements, etc.
• Article 450 Discharge of Directors and Auditors from Liability
• Article 451 Capital
• Article 452 null
• Article 453 null
• Article 454 null
• Article 455 null
• Article 456 null
• Article 457 null
• Article 457-2 null
• Article 458 Earned Surplus Reserves
• Article 459 Capital Reserves
• Article 460 Use of Statutory Reserves
• Article 461 Capitalization of Reserves
• Article 461-2 Decrease of Reserves
• Article 462 Dividends
• Article 462-2 Stock Dividends
• Article 462-3 Interim Dividends
• Article 462-4 Dividends in Kind
• Article 463 null
• Article 464 Standards for Distribution of Profits
• Article 464-2 Date of Payment of Dividends
• Article 465 null
• Article 466 Shareholder's Right to Inspect Books of Account
• Article 467 Inspection of Affairs and Status of Company's Assets
• Article 467-2 Prohibition of Granting Pecuniary Benefits
• Article 468 Employees' Rights to Preferential Payment
• SECTION 8 Bonds
• Sub-Section 1 Common Provisions
• Article 469 Bond Offering
• Article 470 null
• Article 471 null
• Article 472 null
• Article 473 null
• Article 474 Public Offering and Bond Subscription Forms
• Article 475 Method of Firm Committment Underwriting
• Article 476 Payment
• Article 477 null
• Article 478 Issuance of Bond Certificates
• Article 479 Transfer of Registered Bonds
• Article 480 Exchange between Registered Certificates and Bearer Certificates
• Article 480-2 Designation and Entrustment of Bond Administration Companies
• Article 480-3 Eligibility as Bond Administration Companies
• Article 481 Resignation of Bond Administration Companies
• Article 482 Removal of Bond Administration Companies
• Article 483 Successors to Affairs of Bond Administration Companies
• Article 484 Power of Bond Administration Companies
• Article 484-2 Duties and Obligations of Bond Administration Companies
• Article 485 Powers and Duties in Cases of Two or More Bond Administration Companies
• Article 486 Defects in Coupons
• Article 487 Statute of Limitations for Rights to Claim Redemption
• Article 488 Bond Registers
• Article 489 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Sub-Section 2 Meetings of Bondholders
• Article 490 Matters Requiring Resolutions
• Article 491 Persons Authorized to Convene
• Article 491-2 Notice and Public Notice of Convocation
• Article 492 Voting Rights
• Article 493 Attendance, etc. of Representatives of Bond-issuer or Bond Administration Company
• Article 494 Right to Request Issuer Company to Cause its Representative to Attend
• Article 495 Methods of Resolutions
• Article 496 Requests for Authorization of Resolutions
• Article 497 Grounds for Non-Authorization of Resolutions
• Article 498 Effects of Resolutions
• Article 499 Public Notice of Authorization or Non-Authorization of Resolutions
• Article 500 Representatives of Meetings of Bondholders
• Article 501 Implementation of Resolutions
• Article 502 Two or More Representatives of Meetings or Executors of Resolutions
• Article 503 Implementation of Resolutions relating to Redemption
• Article 504 Removal, etc. of Representatives of Meetings or Implementers of Resolutions
• Article 505 null
• Article 506 null
• Article 507 Remuneration and Expenses for Bond Administration Company, etc.
• Article 508 Expenses relating to Meetings of Bondholders
• Article 509 Meetings of Certain Classes of Bondholders
• Article 510 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 511 Lawsuit for Revocation by Bond Administration Company
• Article 512 Lawsuit for Revocation by Representatives, etc.
• Sub-Section 3 Convertible Bonds
• Article 513 Issuance of Convertible Bonds
• Article 513-2 Rights of Shareholders Entitled to Subscribe to Convertible Bonds
• Article 513-3 Peremptory Notice to Shareholders with Right to Subscribe to Convertible Bonds
• Article 514 Procedures for Issuance of Convertible Bonds
• Article 514-2 Registration of Convertible Bonds
• Article 515 Request for Conversion
• Article 516 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Sub-Section 4 Bonds with Warrants
• Article 516-2 Issuance of Bonds with Warrants
• Article 516-3 Peremptory Notice to Shareholders with Right to Subscribe to Bonds with Warrants
• Article 516-4 Particulars to be Entered in Bond Subscription Forms, Bond Certificates and Bond Register
• Article 516-5 Issuance of Warrant Certificates
• Article 516-6 Transfer of Preemptive Rights to New Stocks
• Article 516-7 Electronic Registration of Bonds with Warrants
• Article 516-8 Registration of Bonds with Warrants
• Article 516-9 Exercise of Preemptive Rights to New Stocks
• Article 516-10 Date of Becoming Shareholders
• Article 516-11 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 9 Dissolution
• Article 517 Grounds for Dissolution
• Article 518 Resolution for Dissolution
• Article 519 Continuation of Company
• Article 520 Judgment of Dissolution
• Article 520-2 Dissolution of Dormant Company
• Article 521 Notice and Public Notice of Dissolution
• Article 521-2 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 10 Merger
• Article 522 Merger Agreement and Resolution to Approve Merger Agreement
• Article 522-2 Public Announcement of Merger Agreement, etc.
• Article 522-3 Appraisal Rights of Shareholders Opposing Merger
• Article 523 Merger Agreement in case of Merger
• Article 523-2 Special Provisions where Consideration for Merger is Parent Company's Stocks
• Article 524 Merger Agreement in case of Consolidation
• Article 525 Merger Agreement in case of Unlimited Partnership Company or Limited Partnership Company
• Article 526 General Meetings of Shareholders for Reporting in Cases of Merger
• Article 527 Inaugural General Meetings in Cases of Consolidation
• Article 527-2 Simplified Merger
• Article 527-3 Small-Scale Merger
• Article 527-4 Terms of Office of Directors and Auditors
• Article 527-5 Procedures for Protection of Creditors
• Article 527-6 Ex Post Disclosure of Documents on Merger
• Article 528 Registration of Merger
• Article 529 Lawsuits for Nullification of Merger
• Article 530 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 11 Division of Company
• Article 530-2 Division and Merger after Division of Company
• Article 530-3 Approval for Division Plan and Agreement for Merger after Division
• Article 530-4 Incorporation of Company by Division
• Article 530-5 Entries in Division Plans
• Article 530-6 Entries in Merger Agreement after Division and Special Provisions where Consideration for Merger after Division is Shares of Parent Company
• Article 530-7 Disclosure of Division Balance Sheets, etc.
• Article 530-8 null
• Article 530-9 Responsibility of Company after Division or Merger after Division
• Article 530-10 Consequential Effect of Division or Merger after Division
• Article 530-11 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 530-12 Physical Division
• SECTION 12 Liquidation
• Article 531 Appointment of Liquidators
• Article 532 Liquidators' Reports
• Article 533 Liquidators' Duty to Investigate Company's Assets and to Report
• Article 534 Submission, Audit, Disclosure, and Approval of Balance Sheets, Business Reports, and Supplementary Statements
• Article 535 Peremptory Notice to Creditors
• Article 536 Repayment Within Period for Presenting Claims
• Article 537 Repayment to Excluded Creditors
• Article 538 Distribution of Surplus Assets
• Article 539 Removal of Liquidators
• Article 540 Completion of Liquidation
• Article 541 Document Retention
• Article 542 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 13 Special Cases for Listed Companies
• Article 542-2 Scope of Application
• Article 542-3 Stock Options
• Article 542-4 Public Notification of Convocation of General Meetings of Shareholders
• Article 542-5 Methods of Appointment of Directors or Auditors
• Article 542-6 Minority Shareholders' Rights
• Article 542-7 Special Cases concerning Cumulative Voting
• Article 542-8 Appointment of Outside Directors
• Article 542-9 Transactions with Interested Persons Including Major Shareholders
• Article 542-10 Full-time Auditors
• Article 542-11 Audit Committees
• Article 542-12 Composition, etc. of Audit Committees
• Article 542-13 Compliance Guidelines and Compliance Officers
• CHAPTER V LIMITED COMPANY
• SECTION 1 Incorporation
• Article 543 Preparation of Articles of Incorporation and Matters Absolutely Required to be Entered Therein
• Article 544 Matters relating to Irregular Incorporation
• Article 545 null
• Article 546 Limits on Amounts of One Unit of Investment
• Article 547 Appointment of First Directors
• Article 548 Payment for Investment
• Article 549 Registration for Incorporation
• Article 550 Liability of Members at the time of Incorporation concerning Investments in Kind, etc.
• Article 551 Liability of Members at the time of Incorporation concerning Unpaid Amount of Investments
• Article 552 Lawsuits Seeking Nullification or Revocation of Incorporation
• SECTION 2 Rights and Obligations of Members
• Article 553 Liability of Members
• Article 554 Equity Interest of Members
• Article 555 Instruments of Equity Interest
• Article 556 Transfer of Equity Interest
• Article 557 Requirements for Asserting Transfer of Equity Interest against Company and Third Parties
• Article 558 Common Ownership of Equity Interest
• Article 559 Pledging of Equity Interests
• Article 560 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 3 Management of Company
• Article 561 Directors
• Article 562 Representation of Company
• Article 563 Representatives in Lawsuits between Directors and Company
• Article 564 Determination on Management of Business, Transactions between Directors and Company
• Article 564-2 Rights to Injunction
• Article 565 Representative Suits by Members
• Article 566 Retention and Inspection of Documents
• Article 567 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 568 Auditors
• Article 569 Auditor's Authority
• Article 570 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 571 Convocation of General Meetings of Members
• Article 572 Requests for Convocation of General Meetings by Minority Members
• Article 573 Omission of Convocation Procedures
• Article 574 Quorum of General Meetings and Methods of Resolution
• Article 575 Members' Rights to Vote
• Article 576 Matters Requiring Special Resolution for Transfer of Business, etc. of Limited Company
• Article 577 Resolutions in Writing
• Article 578 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 579 Preparation of Financial Statements
• Article 579-2 Preparation of Business Reports
• Article 579-3 Retention and Disclosure of Financial Statements, etc.
• Article 580 Standards for Profits Dividends
• Article 581 Members' Right to Inspect Books of Account
• Article 582 Inspection of Business Affairs and Status of Assets
• Article 583 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 4 Amendments to Articles of Incorporation
• Article 584 Methods of Amendments to Articles of Incorporation
• Article 585 Special Resolutions on Amendments to Articles of Incorporation
• Article 586 Resolutions on Capital Increase
• Article 587 Granting of Preemptive Rights in Cases of Capital Increase
• Article 588 Members' Preemptive Rights to Capital Investment
• Article 589 Methods of Subscription to Capital Investment
• Article 590 Status of New Subscribers of Investments
• Article 591 Registration of Capital Increase
• Article 592 Effectuation of Capital Increase
• Article 593 Members' Liabilities concerning Investments in Kind, etc.
• Article 594 Liability of Directors, etc. concerning Unsubscribed Capital Investments, etc.
• Article 595 Lawsuits to Nullify Capital Increase
• Article 596 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 597 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 5 Mergers and Organizational Changes
• Article 598 Methods for Mergers
• Article 599 Appointment of Members of Organizing Committee
• Article 600 Merger of Limited Company and Stock Company
• Article 601 Real Subrogation
• Article 602 Registration of Merger
• Article 603 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 604 Organizational Change of Stock Company to Limited Company
• Article 605 Liability of Directors and Shareholders for Shortage in Value of Net Assets
• Article 606 Registration of Organizational Change
• Article 607 Organizational Change of Limited Company to Stock Company
• Article 608 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 6 Dissolution and Liquidation
• Article 609 Grounds for Dissolution
• Article 610 Continuation of Company
• Article 611 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 612 Distribution of Surplus Assets
• Article 613 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• CHAPTER VI FOREIGN COMPANY
• Article 614 Appointment of Representatives, Establishment of Business Offices and Registrations thereof
• Article 615 Starting Point of Reckoning of Registration Period
• Article 616 Prohibition of Conducting Continuous Transactions before Registration
• Article 616-2 Public Notification of Balance Sheets or its Equivalent
• Article 617 Similar Foreign Company
• Article 618 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 619 Order to Close Business Offices
• Article 620 Liquidation of Assets Existing in Republic of Korea
• Article 621 Status of Foreign Company
• CHAPTER VII PENALTY PROVISIONS
• Article 622 Crimes of Special Misappropriation by Incorporators, Directors, and Other Executive Officers, etc.
• Article 623 Crimes of Special Misappropriation by Representative, etc. of Meetings of Bondholders
• Article 624 Attempted Crimes of Special Misappropriation
• Article 624-2 Crimes of Violating Provisions concerning Transactions with Interested Persons Including Major Shareholders
• Article 625 Crimes of Endangering Company's Assets
• Article 625-2 Crimes of Violating Share Acquisition Restrictions, etc.
• Article 626 Crimes of False Reporting
• Article 627 Crimes of Using Documents Containing Misstatements
• Article 628 Crimes of Disguised Payment
• Article 629 Crimes of Excessive Issuance
• Article 630 Crimes of Corruption in Office by Incorporators, Directors or Other Executive Officers
• Article 631 Crimes of Bribery in Relation to Disturbing Exercise of Rights, etc.
• Article 632 Concurrent Imposition of Imprisonment with Labor and Fines
• Article 633 Confiscation and Additional Collection
• Article 634 Crimes of Evading Liability for Payment on Shares
• Article 634-2 Crimes of Granting Benefits in Connection with Exercise of Shareholder's Rights
• Article 634-3 Joint Penalty Provisions
• Article 635 Acts Subject to Administrative Fines
• Article 636 Business, etc. in Name of Company prior to its Registration
• Article 637 Application of Penalty Provisions to Juristic Person
• Article 637-2 Imposition and Collection of Administrative Fines
• PART IV INSURANCE
• CHAPTER I COMMON PROVISIONS
• Article 638 Effect of Insurance Contracts
• Article 638-2 Effectuation of Insurance Contracts
• Article 638-3 Duty to Issue and Explain Terms and Conditions of Insurance Contract
• Article 639 Insurance for Benefits of Third Party
• Article 640 Delivery of Insurance Policy
• Article 641 Legal Effects of Terms and Conditions of Objection in Respect of Insurance Policy
• Article 642 Demand for Re-issuance of Insurance Policy
• Article 643 Retroactive Insurance
• Article 644 Legal Effects of Preexisting Perils Insured against
• Article 645 null
• Article 646 Legal Effects of Facts Known to Agents
• Article 646-2 Power of Insurance Agents, etc.
• Article 647 Requests for Reduction of Premium upon Cessation of Certain Risks
• Article 648 Requests for Return of Premiums upon Nullification of Insurance Contracts
• Article 649 Voluntary Termination of Contracts Prior to Occurrence of Perils Insured against
• Article 650 Effects of Payment and Delay in Payment of Premiums
• Article 650-2 Reinstatement of Insurance Contracts
• Article 651 Termination of Contracts due to Breach of Duty of Disclosure
• Article 651-2 Effects of Questions in Writing
• Article 652 Notice of Alteration or Increase in Risks and Termination of Contracts
• Article 653 Increases in Risks Due to Bad Faith or Gross Negligence of Policyholders, etc. and Termination of Contracts
• Article 654 Adjudication of Insurer's Bankruptcy and Termination of Contracts
• Article 655 Termination of Contracts and Claims to Insured Amount
• Article 656 Payment of Premiums and Commencement of Liability of Insurers
• Article 657 Duty to Notify Occurrence of Perils Insured against
• Article 658 Payment of Insured Amount
• Article 659 Grounds for Exclusion of Liability
• Article 660 Exclusion of Liability due to Risks of War, etc.
• Article 661 Reinsurance
• Article 662 Statute of Limitations
• Article 663 Prohibition of Change of Provisions to Disadvantage of Policyholders, etc.
• Article 664 Application Mutatis Mutandis to Mutual Insurance, Mutual Aid, etc.
• CHAPTER II NON-LIFE INSURANCE
• SECTION 1 Common Provisions
• Article 665 Liability of Non-Life Insurers
• Article 666 Non-Life Insurance Policy
• Article 667 Non-Inclusion of Lost Profits, etc.
• Article 668 Subject Matter of Insurance Contracts
• Article 669 Over-Insurance
• Article 670 Valued Policy
• Article 671 Unvalued Policy
• Article 672 Double Insurance
• Article 673 Double Insurance and Waiver of Rights against One Insurer
• Article 674 Partial Insurance
• Article 675 Liability for Compensation in Cases of Destruction of Subject Matter after Occurrence of Perils Insured against
• Article 676 Basis for Determining Amount of Losses
• Article 677 Deduction of Unpaid Premiums from Compensation Amount
• Article 678 Grounds for Exclusion of Insurer’s Liability
• Article 679 Transfer of Subject Matter Insured
• Article 680 Duty to Prevent Loss
• Article 681 Subrogation by Insurer concerning Subject Matter Insured
• Article 682 Subrogation by Insurer against Third Parties
• SECTION 2 Fire Insurance
• Article 683 Liability of Fire Insurers
• Article 684 Compensation for Losses Due to Fire Extinguishment, etc.
• Article 685 Fire Insurance Policy
• Article 686 Subject Matter of Aggregate Goods Insurance
• Article 687 Idem
• SECTION 3 Transportation Insurance
• Article 688 Liability of Transportation Insurers
• Article 689 Insurable Value of Transportation Insurance
• Article 690 Transportation Insurance Policy
• Article 691 Transportation Suspension or Alteration and Legal Effects of Contracts
• Article 692 Bad Faith or Gross Negligence of Transportation Assistant and Insurer's Non-liability
• SECTION 4 Marine Insurance
• Article 693 Liability of Marine Insurers
• Article 694 Compensation for General Average Contributions
• Article 694-2 Compensation for Salvage Charge
• Article 694-3 Compensation for Special Expenses
• Article 695 Marine Insurance Policy
• Article 696 Insurable Value and Subject Matter of Ship Insurance
• Article 697 Insurable Value of Cargo Insurance
• Article 698 Insurable Value of Prospective Profit Insurance
• Article 699 Commencement of Cover Period of Marine Insurance
• Article 700 Termination of Cover Period of Marine Insurance
• Article 701 Legal Effects of Change of Voyage
• Article 701-2 Deviation from Course
• Article 702 Legal Effects of Delay in Departure or Voyage
• Article 703 Legal Effects of Change of Ships
• Article 703-2 Legal Effects of Transfer, etc. of Ships
• Article 704 Floating Cargo Insurance of Undetermined Ships
• Article 705 null
• Article 706 Grounds for Exclusion of Marine Insurers’s Liability
• Article 707 null
• Article 707-2 Compensation for Partial Loss of Ships
• Article 708 Compensation for Partial Damage to Cargo
• Article 709 Compensation for Losses due to Sale of Cargo
• Article 710 Causes for Abandonment
• Article 711 Missing Ships
• Article 712 Continued Carriage of Cargo by Transshipment and Extinction of Right of Abandonment
• Article 713 Notice of Abandonment
• Article 714 Requirements for Exercise of Right of Abandonment
• Article 715 Notice of Other Insurance Contracts, etc.
• Article 716 Approval of Abandonment
• Article 717 Refusal of Abandonment
• Article 718 Legal Effects of Abandonment
• SECTION 5 Liability Insurance
• Article 719 Liability of Liability Insurers
• Article 720 Bearing Expenses Defrayed by Insured to Defend Him/Herself
• Article 721 Subject Matter of Business Liability Insurance
• Article 722 Duty of the Insured to Notify a Claim for Compensation Filed
• Article 723 Notice of Repayment, etc. by Insured and Payment of Insured Amount
• Article 724 Relations between Insurers and Third Parties
• Article 725 Liability Insurance of Custodians
• Article 725-2 Several Liability Insurance
• Article 726 Application Mutatis Mutandis to Reinsurance
• SECTION 6 Automobile Insurance
• Article 726-2 Liability of Automobile Insurers
• Article 726-3 Automobile Insurance Policy
• Article 726-4 Transfer of Automobiles
• SECTION 7 Guarantee Insurance
• Article 726-5 Responsibility of Guarantee Insurer
• Article 726-6 Exclusion from Application
• Article 726-7 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• CHAPTER III PERSONAL INSURANCE
• SECTION 1 Common Provisions
• Article 727 Responsibility of Insurers of Personal Insurance
• Article 728 Personal Insurance Policy
• Article 729 Prohibition of Subrogation by Insurer against Third Parties
• SECTION 2 Life Insurance
• Article 730 Responsibility of Life Insurers
• Article 731 Third-Party Life Insurance
• Article 732 Prohibition of Insurance Contracts for Persons under 15 Years of Age, etc.
• Article 732-2 Perils Caused by Gross Negligence
• Article 733 Right to Designate or Change Beneficiary
• Article 734 Notification of Right to Designate Beneficiary of Insurance, etc.
• Article 735 null
• Article 735-2 null
• Article 735-3 Group Insurance
• Article 736 Duty to Return Premium Reserve, etc.
• SECTION 3 Accident Insurance
• Article 737 Liability of Accident Insurers
• Article 738 Accident Insurance Policy
• Article 739 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 4 Sickness Insurance
• Article 739-2 Responsibility of Insurer of Sickness Insurance
• Article 739-3 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis to Sickness Insurance
• PART V MARINE COMMERCE
• CHAPTER I MARINE COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE
• SECTION 1 Ship
• Article 740 Definition of Ship
• Article 741 Scope of Application
• Article 742 Accessories of Ship
• Article 743 Transfer of Ownership of Ship
• Article 744 Seizure or Provisional Seizure of Ship
• SECTION 2 Shipmaster
• Article 745 Appointment or Dismissal of Shipmaster
• Article 746 Claims for Damages against Unjustifiable Dismissal of Shipmaster
• Article 747 Obligations of Shipmaster for Continuous Performance of Duties
• Article 748 Shipmaster's Authority of and Responsibility for Appointment of Acting Shipmaster
• Article 749 Scope of Agency Right
• Article 750 Authority for Special Acts
• Article 751 Restriction on Agency Right
• Article 752 Disposal of Cargo for Interested Parties
• Article 753 Right to Auction Ships
• Article 754 Irreparability of Ships
• Article 755 Duty to Report and Account
• SECTION 3 Co-ownership of Ships
• Article 756 Determination of Affairs by Co-owners of Ships
• Article 757 Co-ownership of Ships and Share of Expenses
• Article 758 Apportionments of Profits and Losses
• Article 759 Transfer of Apportionments
• Article 760 Loss of Nationality of Co-owned Ships and Purchase of Apportionments or Requests for Auction
• Article 761 Claims for Purchase of Apportionments of Opponents to Resolution
• Article 762 Claims for Purchase of Apportionment of Dismissed Shipmaster
• Article 763 Transfer of Ships, etc. on Voyage
• Article 764 Appointment and Registration of Administrators of Ships
• Article 765 Authority of Administrators of Ships
• Article 766 Restriction on Authority of Administrators of Ships
• Article 767 Writing on and Keeping of Logbooks
• Article 768 Reporting by Administrators of Ships and Approval Thereof
• SECTION 4 Limits on Liability of Shipowners, etc.
• Article 769 Limited Liability of Shipowners
• Article 770 Limits on Liability
• Article 771 Deduction of Opposing Claim Amount due to Same Accidents
• Article 772 Tonnage of Ships for Purpose of Limiting Liability
• Article 773 Exclusion of Limited Liability
• Article 774 Scope of Persons Able to Limit Liability
• Article 775 Limitation on Liability of Salvors
• Article 776 Procedures for Limitation on Liability
• SECTION 5 Provision of Ships as Security
• Article 777 Claims with Liens on Ships
• Article 778 Claims Incidental to Ships and Fares
• Article 779 Liens on Freight
• Article 780 Exclusion of Insurance Money, etc.
• Article 781 Claims Arising out of Employment Contracts of Ship Employees
• Article 782 Priority Order of Liens on Claims Arising out of Same Navigation
• Article 783 Priority Order of Liens on Claims for Several Navigations
• Article 784 Cases of Competition of Liens in Same Priority Order
• Article 785 Superior Right of Liens
• Article 786 Expiration of Liens
• Article 787 Ship Mortgages
• Article 788 Competition of Lien with Ship Mortgages, etc.
• Article 789 Disapproval of Pledging of Registered Ships
• Article 790 Mutatis Mutandis Application to Ships under Construction
• CHAPTER II TRANSPORTATION AND CHARTER
• SECTION 1 Affreightment in General Ships
• Article 791 Meaning of Contracts of Affreightment in General Ships
• Article 792 Provision of Cargo
• Article 793 Delivery of Documents Necessary for Transportation
• Article 794 Duty of Care for Seaworthiness
• Article 795 Duty of Care for Cargo
• Article 796 Grounds for Exclusion of Carriers’ Liability
• Article 797 Limits on Liability
• Article 798 Application to Non-Contractual Claims
• Article 799 Prohibition of Reduction of Liabilities of Carriers
• Article 800 Disposal of Unlawful Cargo Loaded
• Article 801 Disposal of Dangerous Cargo
• Article 802 Acceptance of Cargo
• Article 803 Deposit, etc. of Cargo
• Article 804 Notice on Partial Loss of or Damage to Cargo
• Article 805 Freight by Weight and Volume of Cargo
• Article 806 Freight by Period of Transportation
• Article 807 Consignee's Duties and Shipmaster's Retention Rights
• Article 808 Carrier's Right to Auction Cargo
• Article 809 Liability of Shipowner when Voyage Charterer, etc. Concludes Transportation Subcontract
• Article 810 Grounds for Termination of Transportation Contracts
• Article 811 Cancellation, etc. on Legal Grounds
• Article 812 Force Majeure concerning Portion of Cargo
• Article 813 Disposal of Cargo by Shipmaster and Freight
• Article 814 Termination of Claims and Obligations of Carriers
• Article 815 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 816 Responsibility of Consolidated Carriers
• SECTION 2 Marine Passenger Transportation
• Article 817 Meaning of Marine Passenger Transportation Contracts
• Article 818 Registered Passenger Tickets
• Article 819 Duty to Provide Meal and Accommodation, etc.
• Article 820 Duty to Transport Luggage for Free
• Article 821 Delay in Boarding Ship and Shipmaster's Right of Departure
• Article 822 Cancellation of Contracts by Passengers, and Fares
• Article 823 Cancellation of Contracts on Legal Grounds
• Article 824 Duty to Dispose of Luggage of Dead Passengers
• Article 825 Legal Grounds for Termination
• Article 826 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 3 Voyage Charter
• Article 827 Meaning of Voyage Charter
• Article 828 Charter Contracts
• Article 829 Notice of Completion of Preparation of Loading, and Loading Period
• Article 830 Notice and Shipment in Cases of Third-Party Shippers
• Article 831 Charterer's Right to Request Departure and Shipmaster's Right of Departure
• Article 832 Cancellation of Contracts before Departure, etc. of Whole Charter
• Article 833 Partial Charter and Cancellation of Contracts before Departure, etc.
• Article 834 Obligation to Pay Incidental Expenses, Substitute Payments, etc.
• Article 835 Bearing Expenses Incurred in Relation to Loading and Unloading
• Article 836 Legal Effects of Non-Loading within Loading Period
• Article 837 Termination of Contracts after Departure
• Article 838 Unloading of Cargo
• Article 839 Prohibition of Reducing Liabilities of Shipowners
• Article 840 Termination of Claims and Obligations of Shipowners
• Article 841 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 4 Time Charter
• Article 842 Meaning of Time Charter
• Article 843 Time Charterer's Right to Order Shipmasters
• Article 844 Shipowners' Rights to Retain or Auction Cargo
• Article 845 Arrears in Charterage and Termination of Contracts, etc.
• Article 846 Expiration of Claims of Time Charters
• SECTION 5 Bareboat Charter
• Article 847 Meaning of Bareboat Charter
• Article 848 Legal Nature
• Article 849 Claims for Registration of Bareboat Charterers and Legal Effects of Registration
• Article 850 Bareboat Charters and Legal Relations regarding Third Parties
• Article 851 Termination of Claims on Bareboat Charters
• SECTION 6 Sea Waybills
• Article 852 Issuance of Bills of Lading
• Article 853 Matters to be Stated in Bills of Lading
• Article 854 Legal Effects of Statements in Bills of Lading
• Article 855 Contracts by Charter Parties and Bills of Lading
• Article 856 Delivery of Certified Copies
• Article 857 Multiple Copies of Bills of Lading and Delivery of Cargo at Port of Unloading
• Article 858 Multiple Copies of Bills of Lading and Delivery of Cargo at Place Other than Port of Unloading
• Article 859 Requests for Delivery of Cargo by Two or More Holders, and Deposits
• Article 860 Priority Ranking of Several Holders of Bills of Lading
• Article 861 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• Article 862 Electronic Bills of Lading
• Article 863 Issuance of Sea Waybills
• Article 864 Effects of Sea Waybills
• CHAPTER III MARITIME PERILS
• SECTION 1 General Average
• Article 865 Requirements for General Average
• Article 866 Sharing Expenses of General Average
• Article 867 Calculation of Apportionments of General Average
• Article 868 Limited Liability of Apportionments of General Average
• Article 869 Calculation of Damages of General Average
• Article 870 Recourse against Liable Persons
• Article 871 Exclusion from Apportionments of General Average
• Article 872 Exclusion from Claims for Apportionments of General Average
• Article 873 False Statements as to Value of Cargo and General Average
• Article 874 Recovery of Damage Which is General Average
• Article 875 Termination of Claims of General Average
• SECTION 2 Collision of Ships
• Article 876 Provisions Applicable to Collision of Ships
• Article 877 Collision due to Force Majeure
• Article 878 Collision due to Fault of One Party
• Article 879 Collision due to Faults of Both Parties
• Article 880 Collision due to Fault of Pilot
• Article 881 Termination of Claims for Collision of Ships
• SECTION 3 Salvage
• Article 882 Requirements for Salvage
• Article 883 Determination of Remuneration
• Article 884 Limits on Remuneration
• Article 885 Special Remuneration for Environmental Damage Preventive Operations
• Article 886 Obligation to Pay Salvage Charge
• Article 887 Agreements on Salvage
• Article 888 Distribution of Salvage Charge between Co-salvors
• Article 889 Distribution of Remuneration for Salvage Inside One Ship
• Article 890 Cases of Salvage by Tugboats
• Article 891 Remuneration between Ships Belonging to Same Owner
• Article 892 Persons Who Have No Claim for Salvage Charge
• Article 893 Preferential Rights of Salvors
• Article 894 Shipmaster's Authority concerning Payment of Salvage Charge
• Article 895 Termination of Claims for Salvage Charge
• PART VI CARRIAGE BY AIR
• CHAPTER I COMMON PROVISIONS
• Article 896 Definition of Aircraft
• Article 897 Scope of Application
• Article 898 Reduction or Exclusion of Liability of Carriers, Etc.
• CHAPTER II CARRIAGE
• SECTION 1 COMMON PROVISIONS
• Article 899 Application, etc. to Non-Contractual Claims
• Article 900 Claims against Actual Carriers
• Article 901 Successive Carriage
• Article 902 Termination of Liability of Carriers
• Article 903 Invalidation of Contract Provisions
• SECTION 2 CARRIAGE OF PASSENGERS
• Article 904 Liability of Carriers
• Article 905 Limits on Liability of Carriers
• Article 906 Advanced Payments
• Article 907 Liability for Delayed Arrival
• Article 908 Liability for Loss of or Damage to Baggage
• Article 909 Liability for Delayed Arrival of Baggage
• Article 910 Limits on Liability Concerning Baggage
• Article 911 Notification on Partial Loss of or Damage to, etc. Checked Baggage
• Article 912 Duty to Transport Carry-on Baggage Free of Charge
• SECTION 3 CARRIAGE OF GOODS
• Article 913 Liability for Loss of or Damage to Cargo
• Article 914 Liability for Delayed Arrival of Cargo
• Article 915 Limits on Liability Amount Concerning Cargo
• Article 916 Notification on Partial Loss of or Damage to, etc. Checked Cargo
• Article 917 Rights of Claim for Disposition of Cargo
• Article 918 Delivery of Cargo
• Article 919 Statute of Limitations for Claims of Carriers
• Article 920 Provisions Applicable Mutatis Mutandis
• SECTION 4 AIR WAYBILL
• Article 921 Passenger's Plane Tickets
• Article 922 Baggage Check
• Article 923 Issuance of Air Waybills
• Article 924 Substitution of Air Waybills
• Article 925 Multiple Packages of Cargo
• Article 926 Documents Concerning Character of Cargo
• Article 927 Effects of Violation of Provisions concerning Air Waybills
• Article 928 Liability for Matters to be Stated in Air Waybills, etc.
• Article 929 Effects of Written Statement on Air Waybills
• CHAPTER III LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE AGAINST
• Article 930 Aircraft Operator's Liability for Damages
• Article 931 Grounds for Exclusion of Liability
• Article 932 Limited Liability of Aircraft Operators
• Article 933 Exclusion of Limited Liability
• Article 934 Extinction of Liability of Aircraft Operators
• Article 935 Procedures for Limitation on Liability

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