(1) If there exist two or more successive carriers, they shall jointly and severally be liable for damage arising from the loss of, damage to, or delay in delivery of the goods.
(2) Where damages have been paid by one of the carriers in accordance with the preceding paragraph, such carrier shall have the right of recourse against the carrier who has committed an act having caused the damages.
(3) If, in cases falling under the preceding paragraph, a carrier who has committed an act having caused the damages cannot be ascertained, all the carriers shall compensate for the damages in proportion to the amount of the freight charges: Provided, That he/she is not bound to bear apportionment of the damages if he/she has proved that such damages have not incurred in his/her part of the carriage.