(1) If any ownership of an income, profit, property, act or transaction which is subject to taxation, is just nominal, and there is other person to whom such income, etc., belongs, the other person shall be liable to pay taxes and tax-related statutes shall apply, accordingly.
(2) The provisions pertaining to the computation of tax base in the tax-related statutes shall be applied to a real income, profit, property, act or transaction, regardless of its title or form. <Amended on Jun. 9, 2020>
(3) Where it is recognized as a method of receiving unjust benefit pursuant to this Act or tax-related statutes, such as an indirect method through a third party or a method of involving two or more activities or transactions, this Act or tax-related statutes shall apply as if the relevant parties have made a direct transaction or have conducted an activity or transaction in succession, according to the economic substance of such activity or transaction.[This Article Wholly Amended on Jan. 1, 2010]